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Managing up and managing down is studied as part of management studies as how a middle manager should effectively deal with his or her manager and with his or her subordinates. Additionally, managing up on its own may be a useful skill for a subordinate who in turn does not manage anyone. It is generally considered to be distinct from "sucking up" or "kissing up" to the manager and "kicking down" to subordinates as it involves benign and straightforward influencing rather than underhand manipulation.〔Turk W (2007) Defense AT&L: March–April The Art of Managing Up〕〔Johnson W (15 Dec 2014) Managing Up Without Sucking Up Harvard Business Review〕〔Price S Ivy Exec Managing Up Without Kissing Up〕〔The Careers Group (2010) Your Academic Career: Managing Professional Relationships University of London〕 == Managing up == Johnson claims that you can manage up without sucking up by:〔 * Be very clear about what job you were hired to do – and do it * Understand what job your boss was hired to do * Remember that the people you work with are not family According to Badowski, good managing up requires going above and beyond the tasks assigned to you so that you can enhance your manager's work. Doing what you can to make your manager's job easier will not only help them do their job, but you will be considered a valuable asset to your manager and to your organization. You want to be described as indispensable.〔Badowski R (2004) Managing Up: How to Forge an Effective Relationship With Those Above You〕〔Garone E (30 Oct 2008) Wall Street Journal What It Means to 'Manage Up'〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Managing up and managing down」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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